Solar Reference Cells
See Also: PV Cell, References, Photovoltaic Reference Cells, Solar Simulators, Solar Irradiance
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Power Meters and Calibration Cells
The Solar Reference Cell consist of a 20 x 20 mm monocrystalline silicon Photovoltaic Cell encased in a 92 x 70 x 16 mm metal enclosure with a protective quartz window and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is a 100 ohm platinum Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD).The Solar Reference Cells come with a Certificate of Calibration and compatible set of connecting cables. The following parameters of the reference cell are certified: Isc, Imax, Voc, Vmax, Pmax, Area, Fill Factor and Efficiency. The certification is accredited by NIST to the ISO-17025 standard and is traceable both to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and to the International System of Units (SI). A compatible cable set is also supplied with each Solar Reference Cell.
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Calibrated Solar Reference Cell
To insure repeatable testing on any solar simulator, OAI offers 2cm x 2cm calibrated reference cells. Standard reference cell calibration cycles can be set up by OAI''s calibration laboratory to insure that your reference cell maintains certification.
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Reference Cells For PIV-IV Systems
NREL calibrated cell used for calibration transfer.The Abet Technologies solar reference cell is a precision instrument for the determination of solar simulator irradiance levels. The sensor is a mono-crystalline silicon solar cell having an area of2x2cm(4cm).The back of the solar cell is attached to the device in such a way that a good heat transfer to the device housing is guaranteed. Below the solar cell a Pt100 RTD temperature sensor is mounted to allow monitoring of device temperature. The device is not shunted allowing the whole IV-curve to be measured. The solar cell is protected by a high quality fused silica window, assuring spectral sensitivity over a 320 -1100 nm range.
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Solar Reference Cell
The Solar Reference Cells consist of a 20 mm x 20 mm monocrystalline silicon Photovoltaic Cell encased in a 92 mm x 70 mm x 16 mm metal enclosure with a protective quartz window and a temperature sensor. Designed for calibrating the irradiance of solar simulators used for testing solar cells and modules.
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E-Band Signal Analysis Reference Solution
The E-band signal analysis reference solution provides an effective measurement solution for today’s wideband signals as well as emerging communications standards. With the M1971E waveguide harmonic mixer, which provides a 55 to 90 GHz input; Keysight oscilloscopes, which provide excellent signal integrity; and the powerful 89600 VSA software, you have a high-quality wideband measurement solution. A simple user interface also provides integrated mixer setup, correction and LO optimization, allowing for accurate measurements.
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AC Reference Modules
NAI offers a variety of AC reference modules that provide a drive capability to 5 VA. The units are transformer-isolated and operate over a frequency range from 47 Hz to 10 kHz. These modules are specifically designed for rugged defense, commercial aerospace, and industrial applications.
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Light I-V Testing for Solar Cells
FCT-650
Advanced analysis of solar cells including light I-V and Suns-Voc data.
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Direct Burial Half Cell Reference Electrode
DB-A
Model DB-A Copper-Copper/Sulfate Reference Electrode designed for direct burial for long term monitoring of buried or earth contacting structures.
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Solar ATE
MS 1534
The Inverterless ATE is an automatic test equipment which is used to test the all functional and various test conditions of Inverterless Solar Unit. This ATE shall be a GO/NOGO Tester for Inverterless Solar Unit. All production units can be tested with this ATE for functional testing and clearance. This ATE reduces the man effort for quality checks and detects the failure units. The Inverterless ATE can check the UUT with minimum user interactions. It shall test and generate test report in PDF format for the conducted tests with necessary data. The ATE operates on 230V AC power. The ATE has In-Built AC-DC converter which provides 12V DC for operate the unit. Also it has additional AC-DC converter to simulate solar power to the Inverterless units. The main objective of the ATE is to test the Inverterless S in all possible test scenarios without external test equipments and less user interactions.
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Solar Cell Testers
Solar Cell Testers are integrated systems incorporating Solar Simulator and I-V Measurement systems. PET offers Standard and Advance IV Measurement software. PET Cell Testers are capable of measuring a diverse range of solar cell parameters such as Isc,Voc, Imax,Vmax, Pmax, FF, Rsh, Rs and η cell conversion efficiency, complete light and dark I-V curves. All that needs to be done to test a cell is to load the cell, make electrical probes contact and press “Measure” icon on the I-V Measurement System software. The software will automatically open the Solar Simulator shutter, perform the test and close the shutter after the test is complete. The design is modular in nature and can be easily upgraded. Some options can added at a later time.
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Frequency Reference
Quartzlock time and frequency standards offer a complete range of cost effective and low noise in both atomic controlled (rubidium oscillator) and GPS controlled (off-air) time and frequency reference, calibrators and standards. These acurate time and frequency references are used in telecoms, aviation, nautical and precision test and measurement enviroments.
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Reference Magnets
Reference Magnets provide a stable and convenient method to verify the accuracy and calibration of Hall Effect Gaussmeters, Teslameters, and Probes.
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Reference Thermometers
Our Reference Thermapen takes lab accuracy into the field. Each unit is factory calibrated at 5 test points and includes a UKAS accredited calibration certificate with test data. A true "system calibration" is performed matching its Platinum RTD sensor and the built-in electronics so all errors are included in the spec.
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Solar InspectionSystems
Exact measurements and sorting criteria make it possible to quickly recognize problems in the process quality and to react immediately. This allows increasing the production yield and guaranteeing reproducible quality in the final inspection.With an Intego system, you get an individually designed inspection system, which fits optimally in your specific production process. The modular construction of our systems is based on developed and tested standard components.
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Solar Photovoltaic
Scientific Computing International
Automated metrology system designed for rapid, reliable, and accurate characterization of nearly any unpatterned thin film.
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Voltage References
Maxim offers an industry-leading portfolio of shunt and series voltage reference ICs. We were the first to develop a series reference in a 3-pin SC70 and in chip-scale packaging. Our hundreds of voltage references include high-accuracy, low-power, low-noise, and automotive-grade products.
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Reference Magnets
Series MT
The reasonably priced WUNTRONIC standard reference magnets offer the possibility in a simple way of being able to calibrate or to check magnet measuring instruments like Gauss Meter/Tesla Meter with the respectively accompanying probes in a defined magnetic field.
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Intelligent Reference
TM-4D
The Intelligent Reference/TM-4D™ breaks new ground for time and frequency references. For the first time, it is possible to generate and distribute both analog and digital signals to multiple instruments and locations with just one product that fits in a single rack space. The TM-4D is three instruments in one: an Intelligent Reference/TM-4™ precise time and frequency reference, a digital signal distribution amplifier and an analog distribution amplifier. And it eliminates the need for multiple boxes.
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Reference Transmitter
81492A
Keysight's 81492A Reference Transmitter is designed to offer excellent eye quality for NRZ and PAM4 signals at baud-rates up to 56 Gbaud and can serve as universal single-mode E/O converter. In addition to the internal lasers at 1310 & 1550 nm, an external optical input for usage with tunable laser sources is available. It is fully integrated into Keysight’s Optical Receiver Stress Test solutions to address test requirements of IEEE 802.3 10,40,100 and 400GBASE optical standards.
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Solar simulators
Solar simulators enable the measurement of (dark and) light IV characteristics and of power and efficiency of photovoltaic An artificial light source is used to create illumination conditions that are similar to those in natural sunlight. International standards hosted by ASTM, IEC and JIS allow to classify the properties of a solar simulator with respect to spatial light uniformity, spectral content of the light and time variation of intensity.
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Solar Simulator
PEC-L15
●Light source/lamp house integrated compact design●Irradiation head rotates (downward, upward, sideways irradiation possible)●5cm square optical filter can be attached●Equipped with high-speed shutter (100ms)●Body weight is only 16kg.
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Shunt Voltage References
Analog Devices offers a broad line of shunt precision voltage references that combine excellent accuracy and temperature stability with low noise and small packages. These devices operate in a manner that is functionally equivalent to a Zener diode. The bias current must be set higher than the sum of the maximum quiescent current of the voltage reference and the maximum expected load current. Since shunt voltage references are typically biased with a resistor, the voltage reference can operate on a wide range of input voltages.
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Solar Turnkey Lines
Ecoprogetti offers complete solar turnkey lines for the manufacturing of photovoltaic modules. According to the customer's needs we customize the line in order to always give the best solutions.
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Solar Array Simulator
Among other things, solar array simulators are required for testing satellite power supplies. An SAS (Solar Array Simulator), consisting of an interconnection of several Solar Array Simulator modules, maps the solar panels and displays the individual strings connected in parallel. Optionally, the individual SAS modules are monitored by a Second Level Protection, so that the test object is not damaged in case of errors with the voltage sources. Additional circuitry is implemented via project-specific test modules. The signal path to the DUT can be separated, e.g. for dynamic current measurements.The Keysight Solar Array Simulators used were specially developed for satellite applications and cover the significantly higher requirements regarding the control speed of MPP tracking compared to terrestrial applications.
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Intelligent Time Reference
TM-4™and TM-4/OEM™
The Intelligent Reference/TM-4™ and TM4/OEM™ are multi- purpose, GPS disciplined timing signal generators and frequency references in economical off-the-shelf and custom configurations. Intended for use in a wide variety of timing, synchronization and frequency reference applications, they are based on the most advanced architecture Spectrum has ever offered, and include the most popular features of Spectrum's core platform for current timing products.
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Load Cells
Force Logic UK provides high-quality load cells, load indicators, and force measurement systems for a variety of industries. All our load cells are manufactured in the UK, and have passed through rigorous quality control standards for precise and accurate measurement, load monitoring systems, and industrial weighing applications. They are suitable for the measurement of static loads and dynamic forces in tension or compression, our load cells cover a wide range of mechanical forces, from 1kg to 1000 tonnes.
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Load Cells
For use in harsh environments, our Models T66 (bending beam),T85 and T85-T(shear beams)are manufactured fromstainless steel, fully welded and hermetically sealed to provide total environmental protection (IP68 and IP69K). The T85-Tmodel has a blind loading hole, ideal for use in platform scales.
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10 Volt Reference
8110A
Measurements International Ltd.
8110A 10 volt reference, Industry Leading Stability, Built-in reversing switch for + 10 V, – 10 V, 30 Days: ± 0.25 µV/V, 90 Days: ± 0.75 µV/V, 1 Year: ± 1.5 µV/V, Built-in battery backup.
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Solar Array Simulator
SAS
AMETEK Programmable Power, Inc.
A spacecraft solar array is subjected to large temperature excursions, varying insolation (the amount of sunlight falling on the array), mechanical changes and aging, which substantially effect both its short and long term performance. In order to test the spacecraft's power environment, a cost-effective solution for ground based testing is to utilize a solar array simulator.
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