Propagation
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Product
Beacon Transmitters for Radio Amateurs
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Is a radio beacon, whose purpose is the investigation of the propagation of radio signals. Most radio propagation beacons use amateur radio frequencies. They can be found on LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, and microwave frequencies. Microwave beacons are also used as signal sources to test and calibrate antennas and receivers
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Optical VSF Sensors
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The optical Volume Scattering Function(VSF) is an ‘inherent optical property’ of water that is used by optical oceanographers to predict light propagation, image degradation, remote sensed ocean color, biological environment etc. in water.
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TEM Cells
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Transverse Electro Magnetic (TEM) cell or Crawford cell (named after its inventor) is used to generate accurate electromagnetic waves over a wide frequency range: DC (0 Hz) to GHz., EM waves generated in the cell propagate in transverse mode and have the same characteristics as a plane wave. It can be used to calibrate E-field broadband probes for testing radiated E-field immunity as well as for measuring radiated emission from a product with a spectrum analyzer/EMI receiver.TEM cell generates a consistent electromagnetic field for testing small RF devices such as wireless pagers, receivers, portable phones, etc.
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Polarization Maintaining Circulator(PMCIR)
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Zhongke Rayzer Optical Technology Co.,Ltd
non-reciprocating, one-directional, three port deviceswhich are great for bi-directional propagation of light in a Polarization Maintaining fiber. These optical circulators are ideal for advanced communication systems, fiber sensor and fiber laser applications.
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Timing Measurement Unit
TMM200
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The TMM200 is a resource available for measuring such parameters as propagation delays, rise time, fall time and any other time-related parameter. Because of its wide input levels, the TMM200 is an instrument well suited to test both digital an analog devices.
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Integrated Modular Electromagnetic Modeling Suite
EM.Cube
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EM.Cube® is an industry-recognized simulation suite for electromagnetic modeling of RF system engineering problems. It features several distinct simulation engines that can solve a wide range of modeling problems such as electromagnetic radiation, scattering, wave propagation in various media, coupling, interference, signal integrity, field interactions with biological systems, etc. Using EM.Cube, you can solve problems of different sizes and length scales, varying from a few microns in MEMS devices to several miles in large urban propagation scenes.
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Product
Radar Target Repeater
Series 8000
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The Eastern OptX Series 8000 Radar Target Repeater is a portable, variable delay and propagation loss system designed for radar testing and alignment. The repeater may be remotely programmed in the field for dynamic operation. When connected to a user specified antenna the repeater can provide delays of up to 500 usec with a fixed delay, multiple discrete delays, or a progressive variable delay with amplitude control The Series 8000 features ultra wide bandwidth, low loss, high isolation, low noise figure, and high dynamic range.
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Siradel 360
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Siradel 360 offers a comprehensive suite of solutions, encompassing Siradel Web Services, Siradel InoWave, and Siradel Planner, along with expert consulting and geodata services. This unique value proposition ensures accurate simulations, efficient network design, and robust performance, making Siradel a one-stop shop for all radio propagation and network optimization needs.With over 30 years of expertise, Siradel empowers telecom operators, research labs, and manufacturers to tackle the challenges of B5G/6G technologies and drive technological innovation.
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Simulating Optical Design Components
Wave Optics Module
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The Wave Optics Module provides dedicated tools for electromagnetic wave propagation in linear and nonlinear optical media for accurate component simulation and optical design optimization. With this module you can model high-frequency electromagnetic wave simulations in either frequency- or time-domain in optical structures. It also adds to your modeling of optical media by supporting inhomogeneous and fully anisotropic materials, and optical media with gains or losses. It is straightforward to simulate optical sensors, metamaterials, optical fibers, bidirectional couplers, plasmonic devices, nonlinear optical processes in photonics, and laser beam propagation.
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Isolated Gate Drivers
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Analog Devices’ isolated gate driver portfolio offers designers performance and reliability advantages over designs utilizing optocouplers or pulse transformers. Utilizing ADI’s proven iCoupler® technology, the isolated gate driver family offers the advantage of a maximum propagation delay of 50 ns, less than 5 ns channel-to-channel matching, a 50-year lifetime for 400 V rms working voltage and galvanic isolation in a single package.
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Product
Radar Level Gauge
HRRD730 Series
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HighReach Measuring & Controlling System Co.,Ltd
At The Radar Level gauge Antenna emits and Narrows at The Microwave Pulse. This Pulse propagates in Space AT at The Speed of Light. The When IT Encounters at The Surface of at The the Measured Medium, Part of the ITS Energy IS the REFLECTED the Back and Received by at The Same, Antenna. At The Time interval The Between the transmitted pulse and the received pulse is proportional to the distance from the antenna to the surface of the measured medium.Because the electromagnetic wave propagation speed is extremely high, the time interval between the transmitted pulse and the received pulse is very small (on the order of nanoseconds). It is difficult to confirm. The 90X series 26G radar level gauge uses a special demodulation technology To accurately identify the transmitted pulse and the time interval of the pulse is received to further calculate the distance of the antenna from the surface of the measured medium.
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Propagation Software
Wireless InSite
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Wireless InSite is a suite of ray-tracing models and high-fidelity EM solvers for the analysis of site-specific radio propagation and wireless communication systems. The software provides efficient and accurate predictions of EM propagation and communication channel characteristics in complex urban, indoor, rural and mixed path environments.
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*Beam Propagation Analysis
M²
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M², or Beam Propagation Ratio, is a value that indicates how close a laser is to being a single mode TEM00 beam, which in turn determines how small a beam waist can be focused. For the perfect Gaussian TEM00 condition the M² equals 1. M² cannot be determined from a single beam profile measurement. The ISO/DIS 11146 requires that M² be calculated from a series of measurements. M² is measured on real beams by focusing the beam with a fixed position lens of known focal length, and then measuring the characteristics of the artificially created beam waist and divergence. We have a number of solutions for the measurement of M² ranging from simple manual processes to fully automated dedicated instruments, depending on the frequency of the need to measure M² of lasers and laser systems.
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Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
MS 2002
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Distance measuring equipment (DME) is a transponder-based radio navigation technology that measures distance by timing the propagation delay of UHF radio signals. The DME system is composed of a UHF transmitter/receiver (interrogator) in the aircraft and a UHF receiver/transmitter (transponder) on the ground. The aircraft interrogates the ground transponder with a series of pulse-pairs (interrogations) and the ground station replies with an identical sequence of reply pulse-pairs with a precise time delay (typically 50 microseconds). The time difference between interrogation and reply minus the 50 microsecond ground transponder delay is measured by the interrogator's timing circuitry and translated into a distance measurement in nautical miles which is then displayed in the cockpit.
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Product
Understanding TEM, TE, and TM Waveguide Modes
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Energy can propagate through a medium or through what is currently believed to be a vacuum. Propagation modes vary depending upon the type of energy and the nature of the medium.Electromagnetic energy is transmitted in waves. Like sound, it may propagate equally in all directions, the wave energy radiating in concentric shells corresponding to amplitude. Or it may be directional, focused to form a tight beam.View more Understanding TEM, TE, and TM Waveguide Modes
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Dynamic and Fatigue Testing Systems
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Instron offers an extensive range of fully-integrated dynamic and fatigue testing systems from 1000 N up to 5000 kN. Incorporating servohydraulic, servo-electric and linear motor technologies, these test instruments cover a broad range of fatigue, dynamic, and static testing applications. These applications include high-cycle fatigue, low-cycle fatigue, thermo-mechanical fatigue, fracture mechanics, crack propagation and growth studies, fracture toughness, bi-axial, axial-torsional, multi-axial, high strain rate, quasi-static, creep, stress-relaxation, and other types of dynamic and static tests.
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Product
Community Noise Prediction Software, Version 2
SPM9613
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A low-cost computer program for analyzing community noise and sound propagation emitted from a variety of noise sources. The engineering software is based on the ISO 9613 parts 1 and 2 standards. SPM9613 provides calculations at specific field points (listeners) and predictions of A- and C-weighted sound level contours as well.
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TDR Structural Health Monitoring
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Material Sensing & Instrumentation
MSI Time-Domain-Reflectometry (TDR) Structural-Health Monitoring probes the structural health of a composite part by propagating a fast electrical pulse along a distributed linear sensor which has been fabricated directly in the laminate. The sensor is formed from the native graphite fibers already used in composite manufacture, and constitutes zero defect. Fibers are patterned into a microwave waveguide geometry, or transmission line, and interrogated by a rapid pulse as shown below. Structural faults along the line cause distortions in waveguide geometry, producing reflected pulses similar to radar. Cracking, delamination, disbonds, moisture penetration, marcelling, and strain are all detected by propagation delay, for sensor lengths up to several meters.
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Channel Emulator/Fading Simulator
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The channel emulator/fading simulator is a measuring instrument for reproducing the actual radio wave propagation environment of mobile communication.It reproduces the fading environment defined by 3GPP and virtual environment of multiple channels such as MIMO, HetNet.It will contribute to improving development and verification efficiency of the latest mobile communication system such as 5G NR, LTE-Advanced and IoT.
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Product
M2 & BPP Systems
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The M2 factor wil define the beam propagation characteristics compared to ideal Gaussian beam propagation. According to ISO Standard 11146 rightfully offers the laser beam characterization as "M2 times diffraction limited beam", as such, a perfect beam will have an M2 of 1. 1 will be the best achievable value and no beam could have an M2 less than 1. Our conceptual design is based on sub-assemblies allowing to change the sensing head in the M2 device, offering multiple wavelengths heads up to 2.7 microns from deep UV (knife-edge technology) and camera based technology with built-in automatic filter wheel for adjustment. For focused beams, the same measuring head could be attached to a device for meauring highly divergent or highly convergent beams - FocusGage-BA, wherein the Laser Analyzing Electronic Autocollimator offers the capability of divergence measurement with Coming Soon M2 definition. M2Beam is the cornerstone of those measuring devices.
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1204a/1204a-mc Digital Signal Distribution
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Precise Time and Frequency, Inc.
The ptf 1204A Digital Signal Distribution unit is a flexible platform used for distribution of various pulse formats (ex. 1 PPS, 1 PPM, 10 PPM, etc). The ptf 1204A will also distribute digital timing signals such as IRIG-B DCLS format. In order to cater for a wide range of input pulse frequencies, the ptf 1204A design utilizes a CPLD with jumper selectable alarm delays tocorrectly alarm on the various pulse frequencies. The unit reproduces precision pulse input signals with the minimum of propagation delays.
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Product
Mobile Cable Fault Location System
BAUR Syscompact 4000
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Fault location with Syscompact 4000. The Syscompact 4000 is a compact, fully enclosed fault location system for pre-location and pinpointing of high-resistive, low-resistive and intermittent faults on low- and medium-voltage cables. Easy operation and the use of latest fault location methods enable fast and safe fault location.* Location of low-resistive, high-resistive and intermittent cable faults* Efficient cable fault pre-location methods* Pinpointing according to the noise location method or acoustic propagation time measurement* (with Universal Locator and ground microphone)* Sheath fault location according to the step voltage method (with Universal Locator and two measurement probes)* Easy to handle
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3D Sound Intensity Analysis Software
DS-0225A
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Finding out the position where the noise is occurring, and grasping the state of acoustic propagation are important ways to find effective noise countermeasure or improvement of acoustic environment.
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Circulators
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The most common application of a circulator is as a duplexer, allowing the transmitter and receiver in a radio or radar unit to share a common antenna. Energy is transferred from the RF Source to the antenna during transmit, and from the antenna to the receiver during the receive cycle. In each case the circulator functions to isolate the inactive port from the propagated signal. Most importantly, the transmitter output is not passed to the receiver input, preventing the high transmitter power from damaging the sensitive receiver input circuits.
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Camera Based Beam Propagation Analyzer: M2
BeamSquared
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The BeamSquared® system is a compact and fully automated tool for measuring the propagation characteristics of CW and pulsed laser systems from the UV to NIR to Telecom wavelengths. Users can also measure wavelengths above 1.8 microns, including CO2 and terahertz in manual mode (a bench set-up; without the automated optical train) with a Pyrocam IV or IIIHR. Our longer optical train and patented Ultracal™ Calibration makes BeamSquared the most accurate product on the market and is ISO 11146 compliant. Its operational robustness and reliability ensures continuous use applications in industry, science, research and development.
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Ultrasonic Testing
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Xiamen IDEA Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.
Is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested.
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Product
MOSFET Drivers
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The bridge driver products handle voltages up to 100V, with industry-leading gate rise and fall times and exceptional input-to-output propagation delay performance. Select parts are available in 4mm x 4mm and 3mm x 3mm DFN packages which meet IPC-2221 creepage and clearance specifications for high-voltage systems.
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Cost-Effective ATE System
PRO RACK ATE
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Qmax Test Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
Pro-Rack is a cost effective ATE System, which comes with Modular Structure provision option to improvise and enhance much instrumentation based on the user’s requirements. Basically it is designed to cater to the needs of PCB test and repair depots, keeping in mind the changing PCB technology and the challenges in testing them off-line. It can provide complete PCB test and diagnostic functions for any kind of PCB including the latest very high density complex PCBs with high pin count PQFP, FPGA VLSI chips. AC /DC parametric tests enables testing of the DC parametric of device pins on the edge connector for input bias current, Fan out capacity ,Tri-state leakage currents, AC parametric measurements such as Input / Output Propagation delay Rise time / Fall time to further enhance fault coverage. Pro-Rack is designed with VPC Mass Interconnect adapter with 16 bit fixture ID interface to the UUT through simple clips and probes or through card edge or through a bed of nail test fixture.
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Product
Radar Target Generator
Series 1100
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The Eastern OptX Series 1100 Radar Target Simulator is a true propagation path replicator. The Series 1100 receives the signal transmitted from a radar system and adds the round-trip propagation delay associated with the target distance. That signal is then output to the radar receiver. The radar I/O may be connected directly to the Series 1100 or detected and transmitted using user specified antenna. For a moving target the system will add the appropriate Doppler shift associated with the target speed and radar frequency. The Series 1100 is broad band with ranges up to 40 GHz and with a dynamic range of over 100 dB.
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Optical Distance Sensors
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Leuze electronic GmbH + Co. KG
Optical distance sensors perform different measurement tasks in various applications with varying requirements with regard to accuracy, resolution and size. To meet these diverse needs, the operating principles of triangulation, propagation time measurement and phase measurement in different sensor sizes and specifications are covered by a wide range of optical distance sensors.
