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Modulation
the varying of amplitude, frequency, or phase.
See Also: Optical Modulation, Modulation Analysis, Modulation Analyzers, Modulation Meters, MER
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Handheld RF Spectrum Analyzer (HSA), 3 GHz
N9340B
Obtain field-ready performance: portable, rugged, fanless design, clear viewing both day and night, maximum 4-hour batteryGet benchtop performance with 144 dBm DANL, 1.5 dB amplitude accuracy, and < 0.1 s full span sweep timeAchieve powerful measurements: spectrogram, AM/FM/ASK/FSK modulation analysis, AM/FM IBOC measurement, xDSL measurement, and more
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Dual Precision Power Amplifier
VX4616
2 galvanically isolated bipolar output channelsFrequency bandwidth up to 150 kHzOutputs are operating as inverting precision power amplifierOutputs are operating as programmable DC source (voltage or current)Outputs are programmable or adjustable via an external analog sourceAuto sensing featurePulse modulation with extremely high slew rate
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Soft Front Panel for NI RF Generators
NI RFSG Soft Front Panel
The NI RFSG Soft Front Panel helps you quickly generate RF continuous wave (CW) or modulated signals. It works with the NI PXIe-5644R/5645R/5646R vector signal transceivers (VSTs) and NI 567x vector signal generators (VSGs). You can open multiple instances for multiple instruments in a system. In addition, you can load I/Q waveforms, save and recall setups, preview data that is loaded onto the VSG, and sweep levels or frequencies using RF list mode. The soft front panel also features built-in modulation schemes such as AM, FM, and PM.
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Network Analyzer
DPNA-6G AXIe
The AXI DPNA-6G module is the world's first network analyzer in the form factor of the AXIe-1 module, as well as the first Russian device that meets the AXIe-1 standard. In the mode of the network parameters meter, the AXI DPNA-6G module measures the vector values of the network parameters on two ports: transmission coefficients (S12, S21) and reflection (S11, S22). At the same time, all necessary types of calibrations are supported: one- and two-port short-circuit, XX, matched load, transmission normalization. The software supports the import of third party calibration standard parameters. In the measuring receiver mode, the module provides:*generation of a harmonic signal (frequency synthesizer);*spectrum analyzer and power level in a given band;*measuring the frequency of a known signal;*measurement of analog modulation parameters;*phase noise measurement.
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Modulation Distortion Up To And Beyond 125 GHz
S930713B
S930713B enables fast and accurate active-device modulation distortion characterization under modulated stimulus conditions up to and beyond 125 GHz. The wide dynamic range and vector error correction of the PNA-X results in an extremely low residual EVM of the test setup, delivering you a complete picture of your device’s performance without test system interference. S930713B measures EVM, NPR, ACPR, and decomposes nonlinear signals and linear signals with the spectral correlation between input and output spectrum without doing demodulation. Integration with the PNA-X SCCM provides quick modulation distortion measurements while making other VNA measurements.
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Combination Module: 2 Ch. MIL-STD-1553 & 12 Ch. Discrete I/O
CM8
The CM8 module is a combination of NAI's MIL-STD-1553B module, FTB, and Enhanced Discrete I/O module, DT4. The CM8 offers twelve channels of discrete I/O and two channels of MIL-STD-1553B communications. The twelve discrete I/O channels are programmable as either input (voltage or contact sensing with programmable, on-module pull-up/pull down current sources), or output (current source, sink, or push-pull) up to 500 mA per channel from an applied, external 3-60 VCC source. The discrete I/O channels also provide additional functionality modes such as Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) output mode and Pattern Generator output mode. The two MIL-STD-1553B communications channels feature a dual, redundant, balanced-line, physical layer; a (differential) network interface; time division multiplexing; half-duplex command/response protocol; and up to 31 remote terminals (devices).
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PXIe-5663E, 6.6 GHz PXI Vector Signal Analyzer
781260-01
6.6 GHz PXI Vector Signal Analyzer - The PXIe‑5663E offers wide instantaneous bandwidth and supports RF list mode, which increases multiband measurement speed with fast and deterministic changes in configuration. You can use a PXIe‑5663E as either a spectrum analyzer or vector signal analyzer, and you can use it with the Modulation Toolkit to analyze custom and standard modulation formats. The PXIe‑5663E can perform measurements for a broad range of communications standards such as GSM, EDGE, WCDMA, WiMAX, LTE, Bluetooth, WLAN, DVB‑C/H/T, ATSC, and MediaFLO. Because all measurements are software defined, you can reconfigure the measurements using standard-specific toolkits. With these toolkits, the PXIe‑5663E provides a low-cost solution to high-performance RF measurements.The PXIe-5663E comprises the following modules:• PXIe-5601 RF Signal Downconverter• PXIe-5622 IF Digitizer• PXIe-5652 RF Analog Signal GeneratorThere is no physical device named "PXIe-5663E".
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PAM4 Optical Reference Transmitters
ModBox-PAM4 series
The ModBox-PAM4 serie is a 4-level Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM4) Optical Reference Transmitters that generate excellent quality PAM4 optical data streams up to 28 Gbaud, 56 GBaud. The ModBox-PAM4 integrates also: ER4 / LR4: CWDM or LAN-WDM 4 lasers sources, SR4: 850nm laser source, PON: 1310 nm and 1490 nm laser sources.
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10G DPSK Demodulator
Optoplex’s Optical DPSK Demodulator, also known as Delay Line Interferometer (DLI), converts phase modulation to amplitude modulation over the entire C+L band in support of data transmission rates of 2.5,10 or 40 Gb/s. The DPSK demodulator is designed for phase modulated optical communication systemsutilized in commercial, defense and space exploration markets. The device plays a key role in improvingsignal quality and performance to meet the expanding demand for higher data rates and more complextransmission formats within current and next generation systems without major capital expenditure.Optoplex’s DPSK Demodulator is based on a patented free-space optical design, which is compact, athermal and polarization-independent. The measured frequency drift over temperature is only ~0.02 GHz/°C for our standard passive device. Further, this DPSK Demodulator exhibits a total polarization-dependent phase shift of less than 2 degrees over the entire operating temperature range with a high extinction ratio. Optoplex’s DPSK Demodulators can be configured to be fully tunable, colorless tunable or purely passive. Dual-Rate DPSK Demodulator is also available.
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VXG Vector Signal Generator
M9484C
The M9484C VXG is the industry’s first vector signal generator capable of generating signals up to 54 GHz with 2.5 GHz of modulation bandwidth per channel. The VXG vector signal generator helps you deliver the next frontier of wireless technology such as 5G and satellite communications with a fully integrated, calibrated, and synchronized solution.
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SINE M-7 Sinusoidal Array
The Sinusoidal Array SINE M-7 has an image size of 22mm x 30mm which makes it small enough to fit into a standard 35mm projection frame. The gray scale is contained in the outer rows. It is made on 35mm perforated film.The TM-G variations are produced on a wider film (without perforations) and cemented between glass. They are available at each modulation (-35, -60, -80).
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Navigation Analyzers
Rohde & Schwarz provides class-leading signal level and modulation analyzers specifically designed for commissioning and servicing terrestrial air navigation systems. The devices are easy to operate and ensure full functionality even in harsh environments. Match your needs with the right device for ground inspection and flight inspection.
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Passive Hydrogen Maser
VCH-1008
The VCH-1008 Passive Hydrogen Maser is a compact hydrogen maser with excellent frequency stability and utilises state-of-the-art technology. Full digital processing of the modulation and servo loop signals makes it ideal for high accuracy applications. An internal GPS/GLONASS option is available and provides automatic output signal frequency calibration.Key applications:- National Time Keeping Service- Space tracking and navigation- Verification of frequency signals - Scientific research
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1310nm Direct Modulated Optical Transmitter
ONT-8600AG
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
Huatai 1310nm direct modulation optical transmitter, adopts high linearity DFB laser of famous brand in the world, and builds-in perfect pre-distortion adjustment circuit and laser APC, ATC closed loop control circuit. All the operating parameters are controlled by microprocessor, and the LCD screen on the front panel can display relative operating status and the fault information. Guangtai ONT-8600AG series direct modulation optical transmitter adds AGC function on the base of ONT-8600AF reliable type. It is a universal AGC optical transmitter.
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Porometer/ Fluorometers
LI-600 and LI-600N
The LI-600 and LI-600N are compact porometers with Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM) fluorometers that simultaneously measure stomatal conductance and chlorophyll a fluorescence over the same leaf or needle area. A GPS receiver tracks location and an accelerometer/magnetometer records data needed to calculate a leaf's angle of incidence to the sun. Capable of completing these measurements in seconds, the LI-600 and the LI-600N deliver speed and precision.
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PXIe-5672, 2.7 GHz, 20 MHz Bandwidth Digital Upconverter Included, PXI Vector Signal Generator
779900-03
2.7 GHz, 20 MHz Bandwidth Digital Upconverter Included, PXI Vector Signal Generator —The PXIe‑5672 features quadrature digital upconversion, which reduces waveform download and signal generation time. It is a general-purpose vector signal generator that can generate standard modulation formats such as AM, FM, PM, ASK, FSK, MSK, GMSK, PSK, QPSK, PAM, and QAM. The PXIe‑5672 delivers a highly flexible and powerful solution for scientific research, consumer electronics, communications, aerospace/defense, and semiconductor test applications as well as emerging areas including software defined radio, radio frequency identification (RFID), and wireless sensor networks. For specific communications standards, you can use various software add-ons to generate modulated signals according to standards such as WCDMA, DVB‑H, and ZigBee.
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Display Measurement Systems
DTS Series
Instrument Systems Optische Messtechnik GmbH
Characterization of emissive, transmissive, reflective, and transflective displaysViewing-angle-dependent analysis of illuminance, contrast, color, and derived parametersDetermination of the electro-optical transfer function: analysis of luminance, contrast, and color depending on electrical driving conditionsMeasurement of transient properties, such as switching times, flicker, and modulation
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Signal Generator
SG-4162AD
Features:*Signal generator frequency range 100kHz~150MHz*8 digit LED display for Internal and External frequency*Built-in frequency meter, measuring external signal range 10Hz~150MHz*Internal and External modulation*Sine, Square waveform output, and amplitude adjustable
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Analog Multipliers & Dividers
An analog multiplier/divider is a device that produces an output voltage or current that is proportional to the product of two or more independent input voltages or currents. In addition to multiplying and dividing, multipliers can perform squaring, square-rooting and modulation functions. Applications include radar, communications, and industrial controls where a real-time response is required. Analog Devices’ offers the widest selection of multipliers and dividers.
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Thermoelectric Cooler Controller
Analog Devices Thermoelectric Cooler Controllers work with cooler based photonics, offer the smallest size, the best efficiency and the most robust solutions. It has a linear power stage with the linear driver output and a pulse width modulation power stage with the SW output. Depending on the part number, it offers digital PID control or analog PID control or both. Our TEC controllers support a variety of MSA based optical modules such as SFP, SFP+,QSFP+, CFP/CFP-2/CFP-4 and QSFP28.
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32 to 40GHz, 10W GaAs Hybrid SSPA Module
AMP3060
Exodus Advanced Communications
Best in Class SSPA model AMP3060 - a 32 to 40GHz, 10W GaAs Hybrid SSPA Module. It provides 10W CW Psat over the full band with 4.0dB Peak to Peak flatness. Additional features include high reliability and ruggedness along with suitability for all single channel modulation standards. This amplifier is designed for any application that requires wide band coverage such as EMI/RFI, KA band Radar, EW and High Power Millimeter Testing.
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Digital I/O via Ethernet
2610
Connects to Ethernet via 2601 communication moduleAll channels may be independently programmed as input or outputEight channels have pulse width modulation outputsRJ-11 I/O connectors eliminate need for external terminal blocksSupport for interlocks and multiple power supplies per channelInput channels are debouncedWatchdog Timer
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Ethernet and Fibre Channel Test Platform
SierraNet M1288
The SierraNet M1288 Ethernet and Fibre Channel test platform provides best in class analysis, jamming and generation for traffic capture and manipulation for testing application and link characteristics. SierraNet M1288 is the latest in the line of industry leading test and measurement tools from Teledyne LeCroy, designed for today’s high-speed storage and communications fabrics. SierraNet M1288 supports examination and modification of Ethernet and Fibre Channel links utilizing both Pulse Amplitude Modulation 4 (PAM4) and legacy Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) technologies.
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Computing Power VRM/IMVP
Renesas' computing power products are featured with high accuracy up to ± 0.5%, parallel/serial VID supporting, phase dropping, CCM/DEM mode transition for energy saving, and I2C function. Our multiphase modulation technology comes from our experience in analog multiphase controllers used in computing.
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Signal Generators, Arb.
Function and arbitrary signal generators in the LF and lower HF range up to 500 MHz, generation of standard signals (sine, square, triangle...), fixed and user-definable arbitrary signals; Modulations, Burst, Sweep
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Rotating Ring Disk Electrode
RRDE-3A
RRDE-3A is a constant rotation system for use in hydrodynamic modulation rotating ring disk electrochemistry. A 7 mm diameter electrode with short stainless steel shaft provides for a miniature and concentric circle electrode system that is capable for highly accurate rotation and modulation even at radial modulation rates or wave forms.
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Function Generators
Analogue and Digital (DDS) function generators with frequency capability from 3MHz up to 50MHz. Single and dual channel models with a comprehensive range of modulations and other capabilities. Remote control models with variants of USB, RS232, GPIB and LAN interfaces.
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Modulation Distortion Up To 70 GHz
S930707B
S930707B enables fast and accurate active-device modulation distortion characterization under modulated stimulus condition up to 70 GHz. The wide dynamic range and vector error correction of the PNA-X result in an extremely low residual EVM of the test setup, so you can get a complete picture of your device’s performance without test system interference. S930707B can measure EVM, NPR, ACPR, and can decompose nonlinear signals and linear signals with the spectral correlation between input and output spectrum without doing demodulation. Integration with the PNA-X SCCM provides quick modulation distortion measurements while making other VNA measurements.
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Quad RF Driver
The Quad RF Driver contains four independent RF channels, each with an RF synthesizer, variable attenuator, and 1W power amplifier. The RF signal can originate from either the internal synthesizer or an external source via SMA input. All channels have independent frequency, phase, and gain settings and can be operated in one of two modes. The “Wideband” mode operates from 35MHz to 2GHz with a 3.472KHz resolution; over this range the frequency roll-off is approximately 0.5dB/100MHz. “Int-N Phase Adjust” mode allows the user to set and maintain a fixed phase relationship between all four channels. This mode is designed to operate between 300 and 460MHz with a 2MHz resolution. Two additional inputs are provided for an external frequency reference and digital modulation.
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E-Series Average Power Sensor
E9300H
Measure the average power of all modulation formats Wide dynamic range power measurements from -50 dBm to +30 dBm Frequency range 10 MHz to 18 GHzLow SWR for reducing mismatch uncertainty Calibration factors, linearity and temperature compensation data stored in EEPROM Compatible with EPM (new N1913A/ 14A, E4418B/ 19B), EPM-P (E4416A/ 17A) and P-series (N1911A/ 12A) power meters
